中外文化因缘--英文


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收藏	中外文化因缘--英文作者:沈福伟, 分类:英语教学人气: 装帧:平装 / 32开 / 416页 / 0字 ISBN(10位/13位):711900431X 出版:外文出版社于1997-01- 1出版定价:¥45元标签(Tags):英语学习中国文化外语类考试英语教学收藏人数：

简介:

Contents

PART ONE

Cultural Intercourse Between China and The Western

Regions

Chapter One

The Earliest Contact Between China and The Western Re-

gions Before the Qin Dynasty

I The Western Regions as Described in Ancient Chinese

History

1. The Origins of Chinese Culture

2. The Ancient Chinese Legend About Xiwangmu

(Western Queen Mother) and Its Relations with

the Western Regions

II The Origin of Chinese Civilization

1. Various Hypotheses on the Origin of Chinese

Civilization

2. The Yangshao Culture of Painted Pottery and Its

Introduction to the West

III Convergence of the Hua Xia Culture and the Eura-

sian Steppe Culture

1. The Northward Advance of the Bronze Culture of

the Shang and Zhou Dynasties

2. The Westward Migration of Jichuo and Westward

Expedition of the Zhou Dynasty's King Mu

IV Nomadic Travellers and the Silk Trade

1. Silk-the Earliest Link Between China and Greece

2. Silk Fabrics Make China Known Throughout the

World

3. The Route of Glass and Gem Trade

4. The Animal Style in the Northern Chinese Art

Designs

Chapter Two

Opening of the Sino-Western Communications During the

Han Dynasty

I An Open Society and Smooth Traffic

II Parthia and the Monopoly of Silk Trade

III China and the Oriental Trade of the Roman Empire

1. The Biggest Customer of Chinese Silk

2. The Proposed Diplomatic Relations Between China

and Rome

3. The Voyage of Chinese Sailing Ships to Port Adulis

4. The Acclaimed "Land of Treasures"

IV Earliest Cultural Exchanges Between China and

India

1. The Origin of Buddhism and Its Introduction to

the East

2. The Bridge Between China and Egypt

Chapter Three

The Introduction of Culture and Art from the Western

Regions During the Han and Tang Dynasties

I The Steppe Empire and East-West Cultural Exchange

II The Influx of Art from the Western Regions

1. The Buddhist Art in Inland China

2. Popularity of the Xiyu Theme m Art Style

3. Paintings and Sculptures of the Graeco-Roman

Genre

4. The Gandhara Buddhist Art of North China

5. Fine Arts of Sassanian-Persian Style

III Music of the Western Regions

1. The Introduction of Persian Musical Instruments

and Songs During the Han Dynasty

(A) Konghou

(B) Pipa

(C) Bili

(D) Drum and Cymbal Music and Songs

2. The Collation and Promotion of Xiyu Music

During the Northern Zhou, Sui and Tang Dynasties

IV The Xiyu Dances and Acrobatics

1. The Xiyu Music and Dance Boom During the Sui

and Tang Dynasties

2. The Hu Drama of the Tang Dynasty

3. Introduction of Xiyu's Acrobatics and Magic Arts

V The Introduction of Foreign Folk Arts and Games

1. Puppet Shows and India

2. Indian Chess

3. The Arabian Shuangliu Game

4. The Polo Game

VI The Translation of Buddhist Scripture and Its

Influence on Chinese Literature

1. The Inception of Buddhist Scripture in China

2. The Endeavours of Masters Fa Xian and Xuan

Zhuang

3. A 700-Year-Long History of Translation Work

4. The Indian Touch in Chinese Literary Styles

VII The Introduction of Science and Technology from

Egypt, Persia and Arabia

1. Persian Armour Widely Adopted Across China

2. Glass-Making Based on Egyptian Prescription

3. The Introduction of Medicine from Arabia and

Persia

VIII Science and Technology Introduced from India

1. The Nine-Volume Calendar and Gautama

2. Indian Medicine and Longevity Drugs

3. The New Creative Buddhist Architecture

4. The Improvement of Sugar-Refining Skills

Chapter Four

Cultural Exchange During the Course of Founding a

Unified Empire

I The Famous Conqueror Gurkhan

II The Westward Advance of Chinese Culture During

the Mongolian Rule

1. The Three Mongolian Expeditions to the West and

the Tide of National Amalgamation

2. The Khanate Golden Horde and the Northern Pas-

sage of Chinese Culture to the West

3. Il-Khanate and the Southern Passage of Chinese

Culture to the West

III The Mongolians and the Roman Catholic Church

1. The Vatican Envoy's Trip to the Orient

2. An Mongolian Envoys' Visit to Europe

IV The Arabian Culture During the Yuan Dynasty

Chapter Five

Cultural Communication Across the Maritime "Silk Road'

During the Period from the Ninth to the Fifteenth

Century

I Developments of Ocean Shipping in the Tang Song

and Yuan Dynasties

1. Maritime "Silk Road" to the Indian Ocean

2. Delegations Sent Overseas by China During the

Song and Yuan Dynasties

II The Maritime "Silk Road" and the Communication

in Materials and Culture

1. Overseas Markets Opening to Chinese Silk

2. The Chinese Porcelain Boom Across Three Conti-

nents

3. The Influx of Spice, Rhinoceros Horns and Ivory

into China

III The Three Famous Travellers of the Yuan Dynasty

1. Marco Polo and His Trip to China

2. Ibn Battutah's Tour of the Orient

3. Wang Dayuan's Two Voyages Across the Indian

Ocean

IV Zheng He's Voyages to the West and China's New

Ties with the Asian and African Countries

1. The Itinerary of Zheng He's Seven Voyages

2. The Treasure Boat Fleet and Overseas Cultural

Exchange

3. The Attraction of Blue-Floral-Patterned Por-

celain

Chapter Six

Chinese Science and Culture Introduced Worldwide

I The Inventor of Iron Foundry and Tunnelling Tech-

niques

II China's Sericulture Spread Overseas and Silk-Weaving

Skills

III Taoist Alchemy Originated in China

IV The Rapid Development of Porcelain Industry

V Global Tour of the Paper-Making and Printing

Techniques

1. Paper-Making Skills Introduced Across the Ocean

2. Printing Techniques and the Renaissance of

Europe

VI Mariner's Compass and the Revolution of Maritime

Navigation

VII Historic Changes Caused by the Invention of Gun-

powder and Firearms

PART TWO

The Development of Modern Science and the Reform of

Chinese Traditional Culture

Chapter Seven

China's Access to Western Culture During the Ming and

Qing Dynasties

I Matteo Ricci and His Collaborators Xu Guangqi and

Li Zhizao

II Xu Guangqi's Reform of the Chinese Calendar

System

III Western Missionaries and Emperor Kangxi of the

Qing Dynasty

1. Emperor Kangxi and Western Science

2. The Catholic Crisis

IV A Chinese Visitor to the Original Site of the Renais-

sance

Chapter Eight

Missionaries and the Turning Point of European Culture

I The Enlightenment Movement of Europe and the

Political Ideology in China

1. The Mode of an Open-Minded Monarch in the

Orient

2. The Chinese and Western Views of "Contemporary

China"

3. Francois Voltaire and His Play L'Orphelin de la

Chine

4. The Chinese Monarchism and the European Physi-

ocrats

II New Creations of the Western Fine Arts

1. The Different Genres of Chinese and Western

Fine Arts

2. Samples of the Rococo Architecture

3. The "Anglo-Chinese Gardens"

III Sinology and the Chinese Cultural Boom in Europe

Chapter Nine

China's First Attempt to Understand the Western World

I The New Maps and New Knowledge

1. Wei Yuan and Xu Jishe, and Their Works on Know-

ledge of the World

2. Li Shanlan and Xu Shou and Their Cooperation

with the Missionaries

3. The Kiangnan Machine Building Works and Its

Publications

II Schools Teaching Western Sciences

1. From Tongwen Institute to Military Academies

2. The Missionaries and Mission Schools

III The Transplanting of Modern Science and

Ideology

1. The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection as

Reflected in Outlines of Astronomy and Principle

of Geology

2. The Widespread Introduction of Darwinian and

Spencerian Theories

3. The Democratic Ideologies of Zheng Guanying and

Liang Qichao

IV Western Democratic Politics and Its Influence on

Chinese Revolutionaries in the Late Qing Dynasty

1. Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Revolutionary Ideal and the

Western Sciences

2. Anarchism and Populism

Chapter Ten

An Open China and the New Culture Movement

I China with Wide Open Doors

1. The Footpath of the Missionaries

2. The Follow-Up Explorers

3. The Surprising Discovery of the Dunhuang Trea-

sures

4. Havoc in the Art Caves of Xinjiang Grotto

II The May Fourth Literary Revolution and the Tide

of Social Revolution

1. The New Literature Movement and the Western

Literature

2. The Choice of the Socialist Ideology

3. China's New Art Movement

4. Introduction and Translation of Western Literature

(A) Literature of the Weak and Small Nations

(B) Works of the Renowned European Writers

(C) The Popular Russian Writers

(D) American Writers Known for Their Outspoken

Praise for Democracy and Progress

III The Widely-Circulated Theories of the Western So-

ciety

1. John Dewey and His Positive Philosophy

2. The Philosophies of Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

3. Sociology and the Culturists

4. Eugenics

5. Anthropogeography

6. The Culturist Trend of Comparative History

IV China's Modern Sciences and Its Returned Students

1. The Enthusiastic Trend of Going Abroad to Study

2. The Inception of China's Modern Sciences

3. The Riddle of the Peking Man

V. Chinese Culture and the Western World

1. The Rediscovery of Chinese Culture

2. China's Classics and Traditional Literature

3. The Reevaluation of the History of Chinese Sci-

ences

VI The Rejuvenation of Chinese Arts

1. Dr. Mei Lanfang and the Reform of Beijing Opera

2. Colour Ink Paintings and the International Popu-

larity of Chinese Art

Epiloque

The Outlook of Chinese Culture

Index

内容摘要:

Chapter One

The Eariiest Contact Between China

and the Western Regions Before

the Qin Dynasty

I The Western Regions as Described in

Ancient Chinese History

The two great rivers of Huanghe (Yellow River) and

Changjiang (Yangtze River) flowed across the valleys and

plains of East Asia towards the sea, and between them opened

an extensive, fertile ground for the inception of Chinese Civ-

ilization. It was on this land that emerged the early human

society and widespread culture of the Stone Age, which was

followed by even more splendid cultures of the Bronze Age

and Iron Age. Thereby, China has distinguished itself as the

origin of one of the four ancient civilizations in the world,

along with the Nile River, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley and the

Maya Indians of Central America.

1. The Origins of Chinese Culture

The Xia Dynasty, which was founded during the 21st

century B.C., in an area across the middle reaches of the Yellow

River between its two tributaries of Yishui and Luoshui, was

known as the first slavery state in Chinese history. The dynasty

of Xia was succeeded by that of Shang, and later by the Zhou

Dynasty. Zhou, which was originally a princedom under Shang

in the' area of the current northern Shaanxi Province, distin-

guished itself from the neighbouring ethnics by calling its

nation both "Xia" and "Zhong Guo" (Middle Kingdom). The

people of Zhou, claiming themselves to be the descendants of

the Xia Dynasty, also called their own territory "Qu Xia" or

"You Xia" or "Shi Xia" (meaning Xia territory). The name of

"Zhong Guo" was used to indicate their identity as a farming

community, as opposed to the nomadic tribes in the surround-

ing areas.

During the reign of the Xia Dynasty, whose domain was

sometimes also called "Hua," its many princedoms-located in

the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River-referred to

their terntories as parts of "Hua Xia."

During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 B.C.) and

the Warring States Period (475-221 B.C.), political and econom-

ic exchanges increased among the prince states in both the

Yellow River and Yangtze River valleys, the territory of

"Zhong Guo" also expanded as a result. It was then that people

believed that this Middle Kingdom was 3,000 li (1,500 kilo-

metres) in both directions, a square-shaped area surrounded by

seas. This area, as described in the verses of the ancient liter-

ature Li Ji (The Book of Rites), was "extending to running

sand in the west, reaching Hengshan Mountain in the south,

bordering East Sea in the east and loo5king upon Mount Heng-

shan in the north." Such an area, which was already nine times

bigger than the Middle Kingdom as earlier claimed in legends,

became the territory of "Zhong Xia" or "Zhong Hua" in ancient

history. This marked a major expansion of the original concept

of Middle Kingdom, which covered just an area of approxi-

mately 500,000 square kilometres, embracing parts of the pres-

ent Henan, Shanxi, Hebei, Shaanxi and Shandong provinces in

North China. By the 5th century B.C, the heartland of Chinese

Civilization had expanded to more than one million square

kilometres in area, whose geographic size was far larger than

the other ancient civilizations existing in the contemporary era.

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